Communication Disorders 101:
The Simplified Version

There are more types of communication disorders than most people think. If you already knew that, Well done! You've done some research.

If you didn't know that...


To be honest specifics about speech and language disorders are not really common knowledge, but here's what you need to know. Speech disorders have been referred to as:

• speech delay
  
  
• speech problems
  
  
• speech impairment
  
  
• speech impediment (my least favorite)

To better understand this communication disorders you need to know how speech is "made" and what language is.

Don't worry, we're not going to get really technical here, it's just so you understand the basics.

The four actions we use to make speech are:

1. Respiration - it all starts with air from our lungs.
   
   
2. Phonation - air passes our vocal cords or "voice box" and makes the cords vibrate for some sounds.
   
   
3. Articulation - most of the action happens here when the air is changed into different sounds when it passes our lips, teeth, and tongue.
   
   
4. Resonation - when air goes through our nose it helps make 3 different sounds.

Please see this section on Speech Helpers that specifically, but simply outlines all the parts of the body that are used to make speech.


The concept of Speech Helpers is to help children better understand where different sounds are made in the mouth.

You will also be able to download our free Speech Helpers e-Book on the Speech Helpers page.

Similar to speech disorders, language disorders are also known by many names:

• language delay
  
  
• language disability
  
  
• language impairment
  
  
• specific language impairment

Having low language skills can be very frustrating because it limits how well you can communicate. Low language skills can also be related to a learning disorder.


If you have ever been to a foreign country or have tried to talk with someone who doesn't speak your language, you know what I'm talking about.

Believe it or not language is divided into 3 different categories. Each category includes one or more parts of language. They include:

• morphology - the smallest meanings of words (ex. -ing is something happening now, -ed means something happened in the past, etc.)
  
  

• phonology - putting sounds together to make words, the study of speech sounds, sound patterns, and the rules used to create words with those sounds
  
  

• syntax - how we arrange words together to make meaningful sentences, grammar is also part of this subcategory.

• semantics - the study of the meaning of language

CATEGORY 3 - USE

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• pragmatics - the study of the rules that govern the use of language in social situations

Here are the communication disorders we cover on our site. You may already have an idea as to what kind of disorder your child or loved one has, however...



CHILD DISORDERS

Apraxia of Speech

Articulation

Autism

Cleft Palate

Feeding

Hearing

   

Language

Neurological

Phonological Disorder

Stuttering

Syndromes

Voice

ADULT DISORDERS

Aphasia

Apraxia

Dysarthria

Swallowing /Dysphagia

Neurological

Voice